Convenient Conversion of Palm Fatty Acid Distillate to Biodiesel via Rice Husk Ash Catalyst

Silica-based heterogeneous catalyst derived from rice husk ash (RHA) was used for the transformation of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) into biodiesel. The production biodiesel PFAD conducted via esterification and transesterification employing Huskcatacid Huskcatbase, respectively. analyzed different parameters, i.e., amount catalyst, oil to methanol ratio, temperature, reaction times. outcomes depicted efficient produce 91.6% ester with 5 wt% catalysts 5:1 (MeOH:PFAD), followed by using 1 Huskcatbase in 3:1 (MeOH:oil) generate 99.73% a high percentage methyl oleate (57.86%) palmitate (34.43%). surface area (7.362 m2/g 14.493 m2/g) porosity (2.726?×?10?3 cm3/g 4.985?×?10?3 cm3/g), respectively, that contributed easy separation glycerol. PFAD-derived tested on Megatech®-Mark III engine confirmed proportional torque (?) increment loading B100 Rice showed promising as solid-support value-added products reduce agricultural waste management issues.